Vaccine, typhoid: Indication, Dosage, Side Effect, Precaution

Generic Medicine Info Patient Medicine Information

This information is not country-specific. Please refer to the Malaysia prescribing information.

Generic Medicine Info

Indications and Dosage

Intramuscular
Active immunisation against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi

Adult: As solution containing 25 mcg of Vi polysaccharide antigen/dose: Primary immunisation: 0.5 mL as a single dose via deep inj, at least 2 weeks prior to exposure. Booster dose: 0.5 mL every 3 years to patients who remain at risk.
Child: ≥2 years Same as adult dose.

Oral
Active immunisation against typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi

Adult: As enteric-coated capsule of live attenuated strain containing not less than 2 x 10⁹ bacteria/dose: Primary immunisation: 1 cap every other day for 4 doses, at least 1 week prior to exposure. Booster dose: Repeat full course of primary immunisation every 5 years to patients who remain at risk.
Child: >6 years Same as adult dose.

Administration

Should be taken on an empty stomach. Take 1 hr before meals.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity. Congenital or acquired immunodeficient state, acute febrile illness.

Special Precautions

Patient with mild acute illness, with or without fever, bleeding disorders including thrombocytopaenia. Not intended for the treatment of typhoid fever or for chronic typhoid carrier. Postpone vaccination in case of febrile or acute disease. Children. Pregnancy and lactation.

Adverse Reactions

Significant: Syncope.
Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Malaise, generalized ache, inj site reaction (e.g. tenderness, pain, induration, erythema), fever.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Myalgia, muscle tenderness.
Nervous system disorders: Headache.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Pruritus, skin rash.
Potentially Fatal: Anaphylactoid or hypersensitivity reactions.

Pregnancy Category (US FDA)

IM/Parenteral/PO: Z (Live attenuated vaccines are generally contraindicated and inactivated vaccines may be used if clinically required. Consult product literature or clinical guidelines for specific recommendations.)

Monitoring Parameters

Monitor for anaphylaxis and syncope, 15 minutes after administration.

Drug Interactions

Diminished therapeutic effect with immunosuppressants. Risk of bleeding with anticoagulants.

Lab Interference

May diminish diagnostic effect of tuberculin tests.

Action

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Typhoid vaccine contains live attenuated strain of Salmonella typhi (Ty21a strain) as oral capsule and purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi (Ty2 strain) as solution for IM inj.
Onset: Immunity: Approx 1 week (oral); within 2 weeks (IM).
Duration: Immunity: >5 years (oral); approx 2 years (IM).

Storage

Store between 2-8°C. Do not freeze. Protect from light.
Any unused portions should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

MIMS Class

Vaccines, Antisera & Immunologicals

ATC Classification

J07AP - Typhoid vaccines ; Used for active immunizations.

References

Anon. Typhoid Vaccine. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 06/07/2018.

Buckingham R (ed). Typhoid Vaccine. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 06/07/2018.

Vivotif Capsule, Coated (PaxVax Berna GmbH). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 06/07/2018.

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